With extensive use of the Maintainability Index in software research and practice, the Index has been fine-tuned over time to better represent the maintainability characteristics of software systems, to ease the calculation, or to aid the interpretation of the results. Anyone who has ever Googled (Binged?) This allowed us to evaluate how the different variants capture the notion of maintainability when applied to measure the maintainability of the same software system and to compare the variants in terms of their absolute values. Therefore, it is plausible that the results are different for closed-source software and may not be representative of the overall population, but only for open-source software. Visual StudioMaintainability Index. Seref, B.; Tanriover, O. The software maintainability index revisited. Disclaimer/Publishers Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely In short, for any non-null reference say x and y, it returns true if and only if both references refer to the same object. Learn Java practically and B.. Object-Oriented Software. Available online: Verifysoft Technology. 367377. Available online: Molnar, A.J. Therefore, it is essential to understand how maintainable a software system is as it is being developed. [, Revilla, M.A. If you like GeeksforGeeks and would like to contribute, you can also write an article and mail your article to [email protected]. [, Chowdhury, S.A.; Uddin, G.; Holmes, R. An Empirical Study on Maintainable Method Size in Java. Consequently, the maintainability of object-oriented software has become a significant topic of interest for both software researchers and practitioners. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. These findings reinforce the importance of carefully considering which variant of the Index to use for the maintainability assessment, namely taking into account whether or not code documentation should be considered. 107110. It handles a wide variety of edge cases and avoids a lot of the pitfalls of the previous two approaches. Several aspects can impact the softwares maintainability, including the codes complexity, the softwares size, and the presence of documentation and comments that help describe the code. 8893. and B.. Objects are identical when they share the class identity. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (Research Core Funding No. Tutorials Newsletter eBooks Jobs . By using this website, you agree with our Cookies Policy. To answer RQ1 and RQ2.1, the most recently released version at the time of conducting the experiments for each of the 45 software systems under study was used. You seem to have javascript disabled. To perform the comparison of objects, we have created a separate class named HashCodeExample. To overcome this and compare JSON data semantically, we need to load the data into a structure in memory that's not affected by things like whitespace or by the order of an object's keys. Syntax: public boolean equals (Object obj) In Proceedings of the 2011 3rd International Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications, Wuhan, China, 2829 May 2011; pp. One of the theoretical implications of this study that could be further exploited in software-engineering-related research is the insight into the characteristics of the evaluated variants when applied in different contexts, which was gained through the empirical evaluation and comparison of different variants of the Index. In the future, it would be interesting to extend our study to software systems written in other object-oriented programming languages, such as Python and C#. Based on their maintainability measurement characteristics, the Index variants can be divided into two distinct clusters containing variants that are more similar to one another: Index variants without considering code comments and Index variants that include code comments in their computation. 2023; 13(5):2972. Available online: Virtual Machinery. Avg. The problem is that failing the first assert would cause an exception to be thrown leaving us with no idea if the second would have passed or failed. In Proceedings of the Software Engineering Productivity Conference, Salt Lake City, UT, USA, 7 April 1992; pp. Ganpati, A.; Kalia, A.; Singh, H. A comparative study of maintainability index of open source software. There are ways around this limitation, such as using aHelperclass (ahem) that would do the heavy lifting by inheriting (or not) the original class and adding customEqualscode. [. How do different Maintainability Index variants perform when utilized for maintainability measurement between versions of the same software system? A complete overview of related studies is presented in, Some studies have compared the Index with alternative software quality measures with the aim of assessing existing measures. toString() method is to print the values of the object. Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own. Create a HashMap object and add a few employee objects as key and value will be the salary of the employee object. Although different Index variants present different values when subjected to the same software system, the Index variant values are very strongly positively correlated and indicate in a similar manner how maintainability evolves between releases and from a more long-term perspective. ; Foreman, J.; Gerken, M. GitHub. Here is the string comparison which is possible in Java. OK, lets go for that: However, your function only works for flat objects, not for the nested one. ; Pant, B.; Tiwari, U.K. Wilson, A.; Wedyan, F.; Omari, S. An Empirical Evaluation and Comparison of the Impact of MVVM and MVC GUI Driven Application Architectures on Maintainability and Testability. This may offer intriguing insights into whether and how the selection of Index variants affects the results and established findings in the software engineering research community. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs), Banda Aceh, Indonesia, 1920 September 2018; pp. 2021. These findings contribute to the body of knowledge about software maintainability and are of interest to software researchers. Below is the implementation: Java import java.util. Next, focusing on identifying any significant differences between the variants, the pairwise differences between Index variants were assessed. Available online: Lacchia, M. Radon. ; funding acquisition, B.. Researchers should carefully examine which Index variants should be used in their studies, as the results can be impacted by the choices made. Lets take the above example in which JSON.stringify is useless and hand it over to Lodash: You can read more about Lodash in the article below: You dont want to use any external libraries? Convert a String to Character Array in Java. To ensure all included software systems were following object-oriented principles, some manual inspection of the source code of subject software systems was performed by the authors. 8792. [. Join our newsletter for the latest updates. Dahiya, S.S.; Chhabra, J.K.; Kumar, S. Use of genetic algorithm for software maintainability metrics conditioning. ; Anda, B.; Mockus, A. Observe the values of HashMap before and after adding the employee values. = standard deviation, Min. All rights reserved. If the Class only has a few properties, you can write the code by comparing each property. All systems studied were open-source and based on the Java programming language. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. Since the default behavior ofEqualsis to compare references (in case of classes) the result is a fail. The studys results showed that when comparing maintainability measurements from several Index variants, the perception of maintainability could be impacted by the choice of the Index variant used. In this way, many comparisons between two objects need not go through the comparison of every value within them. Kencana, G.H. Here's 3 different ways to compare objects in JavaScript and the tradeoffs between them. Therefore, extra caution should be taken when using the Index variants for more specific assessments instead of general ones. In the above program, we have two strings namedstyle and style2 both containing the same world Bold. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. Author: Venkatesh - I love to learn and share the technical stuff. 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If the properties are objects, you take advantage of the recursion to keep going until the properties are primitive type. In Proceedings of the 2020 7th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Sciences and Informatics (EECSI), Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 12 October 2020; pp. Java provides different methods you can leverage to compare two strings in Java. whether they are the same object or not. ; Saleh, A.; Darwito, H.A. and Get Certified. Differentiate String == operator and equals() method, Check if a string is a valid shuffle of two distinct strings. Java provides the two methods of the Object class to compare the objects are as follows: The equals() method of the Object class compare the equality of two objects. Please mail your requirement at [emailprotected] Duration: 1 week to 2 week. Ideally I would have liked to write the following test: Unfortunately it would fail. Approach: Take inputs in the list. 2023, 13, 2972. Next, is create two objects with different values and compare them. Pratap, A.; Chaudhary, R.; Yadav, K. Estimation of software maintainability using fuzzy logic technique. Java Program to Compare two Boolean Arrays, Java Program to Compare two Double Arrays, Compare two strings lexicographically in Java, equals() and deepEquals() Method to Compare two Arrays in Java. equals() and hashCode() method. The correctness and completeness of this process were manually verified on a sample of subjects. The idea is that every unit test should have only one reason to fail. Please let us know what you think of our products and services. The first threat to internal validity is related to the method used for data collection. Three empirical studies on predicting software maintainability using ensemble methods. Finally, How to compare and sort the List of employees using the Collections.comparing() method. MDPI and/or In order to be human-readable, please install an RSS reader. ; writingreview and editing, T.H. Affordable solution to train a team and make them project ready. Conceptualization, T.H. By changing the return value inside the compare method, you can sort in any order that you wish to, for example: For descending order just change the positions of a and b in the above compare method. This means that when focusing on finer-grained results posed by the Index, the selection of the Index variant has even more of an impact on the maintainability perception. Use Collections.max () method and store the return value in max variable. future research directions and describes possible research applications. It is not necessary that if the two objects are unequal according to equals() method, then invoking the hashCode() method on these two objects may produce distinct integer value. Remember: When we override the equals() method, it is necessary to override the hashCode() method. ; Ojha, A. ; Aljamaan, H.; Ahmad, I. Furthermore, the results of the study may not generalize to the broader population of object-oriented systems based on programming languages other than Java. = kurtosis, SW = ShapiroWilk Test. = median, Std. In fact, its fun to do things the hard way, isnt it? Even though the findings are likely valid for software based on other object-oriented languages, further research is needed to confirm them. In this section, we will learn how equals() and hashCode() method works. The method parses a reference object as a parameter. It returns a randomly generated hash code value of the object that is unique for each instance. 486492. Vijaya; Sharma, S.; Batra, N. Comparative Study of Single Linkage, Complete Linkage, and Ward Method of Agglomerative Clustering. The 2021 State of the Octoverse.
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